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Basic Immune system definition
INTRODUCTION
Under homeostatic conditions, bone mass and architecture is
maintained by a balance of activity between the effects of osteoblasts to form
bone and those of osteoclasts to resorb bone. It has long been appreciated that
chronic inflammation disrupts this balance, producing both local and systemic
bone loss.
THE EFFECT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ON THE PROMOTION OF BONE CATABOLISM
THE EFFECT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ON THE PROMOTION OF BONE ANABOLISM
. Injection of LPS or bacterial lipoproteins stimulates
osteoclast differentiation in vitro . Injection of high concentrations of LPS into the calvarium
stimulates local bone resorption in vivo. Interestingly, while mice
lacking MyD88-which is a crucial adaptor protein required for many aspects of
the response to LPS and other selected microbe-associated molecules-display a
reduced number of osteoclasts and their overall bone mass is reduced.
BONE AS A CRADLE FOR IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT:
osteoblasts.
Expression of a constitutively active PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor in
osteoblasts increase the number of osteoblast numbers and jagged-1 expression
and the total number of HSCs . As activation of the PTH axis is a current
therapeutic approach for the treatment of osteoporosis, these results suggest
that the concurrent use of PTH may have benefits in improving HSC engraftment
after bone marrow transplantation.
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The immune system
may interact with other cell types comprising bone, growth plate chondrocytes,
and osteocytes remains unclear. Additionally, many arms of the innate immune
system remains uncharacterized regarding their effects on bone, as the
contributions of granulocytes, macrophages, or non Toll-like receptor (TLR)
innate immune pathways to basal bone homeostasis remain poorly characterized.
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