vaccine, Type of vaccine, Viral vaccine,DNA vaccines, recombinent vaccine,Subunit vaccines

Vaccines for Viral Infections:

Introduction of Vaccine:

Viruses are intracellular parasites unable to survive without a living host. They cannot reproduce or metabolize on their own because they lack the self-machinery to do so obligatory replicate inside host cells using host metabolism.

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins.

Types of Viral Vaccines:

Live virus vaccines	prepared from attenuated strains that are almost or completely devoid of pathogenicity but are capable of inducing a protective immune response. They multiply in the human host and provide continuous antigenic stimulation over a period of time.	Vaccines for Influenza, mumps, measles, varicella and rubella
Killed/inactivated virus vaccines	The outer virion coat should be left intact but the replicative function should be destroyed. . Virus inactivated by using formaldehyde or beta- propiolactone.	hepatitis A and polio (IPV).
Subunit vaccines	Made through chemical extraction, is free from viral nucleic acid and contains only specific protein subunit of given virus.Free from adverse reactions.	Vaccines for influenza and hepatitis A.
DNA vaccines	DNA coding for the foreign antigen is directly injected into the animal so that the foreign antigen is directly produced by the host cells	DNA vaccines against influenza, herpes simplex virus and for HIV

Viral disease and their vaccines:

1.      Polio	Infanrix®-hexa and IPOL.
2.      Rubella	M-M-R® II.
3.      Measles	M-M-R® II.
4.      Varicella(Chickenpox)	Varilrix, Varivax®
5.      Hepatitus A	Avaxim® ,Havrix®.
6.      Influenza	Avin flu
7.      Hepatitus B	Infanrix®-hexa and HBvaxPRO

Mechanism of vaccine production for influenza:

vaccine, recombinant vaccine production

Work influenza vaccine in body:

·         This vaccine contains three flu strains: two A strains and one B strain.

·         After vaccination,body produce infection-fighting antibodies against the three flu strains in the vaccine.

·         If body expose to any of the three flu strains during the flu season, the antibodies will latch onto the virus’s Ha antigens, preventing from attaching to healthy cells and infecting them.